Spain declares "the strictest neutrality." ( Details)īattle of the Frontiers. Kingdom of Serbia declares war on Germany. The Ottoman Empire closes the Dardanelles.Īustria-Hungary declares war on Russia. Montenegro declares war on Austria-Hungary. German Steamer SS Pfalz surrenders after being fired on by Fort Nepean, south of Melbourne, Australia ( Details) The Germans besiege and then capture the fortresses of Liège, Belgium.įirst weapon fired in Melbourne, Australia, by Australian troops of the British Empire including Canada, Australia, and British India. The United Kingdom declares war on Germany, automatically including all dominions, colonies, etc. German invasion of Belgium (1914) to outflank the French army.īritain protests against the violation of Belgian neutrality, guaranteed by the Treaty of London (1839), The German Chancellor replies that the treaty is just a chiffon de papier (a scrap of paper). Switzerland declares its neutrality and mobilises for defence purposes. Belgium denies permission for German forces to pass through to the French border. Germany besieges and captures fortified Longwy, "the Iron Gate to Paris", near the Luxembourg border, opening France to mass German invasion. Skirmish at Joncherey, first military action on the Western Front. German Empire and the Ottoman Empire sign a secret alliance treaty. ĭenmark, Sweden and Norway unitedly declare their neutrality. Germany declares war on Russia and mobilizes. Wilhelm II, German Emperor and Nicholas II of Russia communicate via telegram. Russia enters the period preparatory to war (partial mobilization). Kingdom of Serbia mobilizes, expected Austria to declare war after the refusal of the ultimatum.Īustria mobilizes. The Serbian response is seen as satisfactory by the Kaiser, but German diplomats do not pressure Austria to make peace. Kingdom of Serbia responds that night, agreeing to most but not all terms of the ultimatum. Austria-Hungary sends an ultimatum to Kingdom of Serbia. German Empire gives assurances of support. Īustria-Hungary seeks German support for a war against Serbia in case of Russian military intervention. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, who was killed in Sarajevo along with his wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg by Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb.
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